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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 9:04 pm
Time: 9:04 pm
Results for sports and violence
4 results foundAuthor: Palmer, Catherine Title: Violence Against Women and Sport: A Literature Review Summary: 2010 World Cup in South Africa drew attention to the connections between major sporting events and violence against women. The ‘Show Domestic Violence the Red Card’ campaign, supported by football clubs, police and local authorities sought to raise public awareness with regard to intimate partner violence fuelled by increased alcohol consumption, while the World Health Organisation underscored the importance of condom use with women who sell sex in a country where rates of HIV/AIDS are of pandemic proportions. The 2010 Commonwealth Games in New Delhi placed issues of sex trafficking and the sale of sex on the international agenda, with the connections between the economic vulnerability of women and sexual exploitation made apparent. Elsewhere, allegations of sexual assault by players across various codes of football (rugby league, Australian Rules, American gridiron and soccer) paint a picture which suggests that sport facilitates, if not encourages, particular forms of violence against women. Although these examples provide a compelling backdrop to the argument that sport offers a context in which violence against women may be perpetrated, there remains a need for a systematic review of the literature so as to build an evidence base that can help inform policy and practice. This is particularly timely as the United Kingdom prepares to hold two sporting events of global significance in the next four years - the Olympic Games and Paralympics in 2012 and the Commonwealth Games in 2014. In December 2010, the Trust for London funded Dr Catherine Palmer from the School of Applied Social Sciences, Durham University to conduct a review of literature that could provide an evidence base for the connections between violence against women and sport. The objectives were to: · review national and international evidence into the connections between sport and violence against women that can inform policy development and debate, including literature that explores contemporary moves to initiate cultural change within sporting (and other) organisations; · review and evaluate the success of relevant initiatives adopted by sporting (and other) bodies that have aimed to change or establish environments that promote safety for women and girls in relation to sport and VAW. These broad objectives distinguish this review from others that have focussed specifically on issues of either human trafficking or prostitution in relation to sporting events. Details: London: End Violence Against Women, 2011. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 3, 2011 at: http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/data/files/evaw_violence_against_women_and_sport_dr_c_palmer_july_2011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/data/files/evaw_violence_against_women_and_sport_dr_c_palmer_july_2011.pdf Shelf Number: 122295 Keywords: Sports and ViolenceViolence Against Women |
Author: Dyson, Sue Title: Building Cultures of Respect and Non-Violence: A Review of Literature Concerning Adult Learning and Violence Prevention Programs with Men Summary: This report provides a review of effective practice in violence prevention education among men, drawing on literature on both adult education and violence prevention. It focuses in particular on efforts among male athletes in professional sporting and other settings, as well as those using ‘peer mentor’ approaches. Details: Carlton, South VIC, Australia: VicHealth, 2009. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 25, 2013 at: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/Publications/Freedom-from-violence/Building-Cultures-of-Respect-and-Non-Violence.aspx Year: 2009 Country: International URL: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/Publications/Freedom-from-violence/Building-Cultures-of-Respect-and-Non-Violence.aspx Shelf Number: 127402 Keywords: AggressionAthletesMalesPeer MentoringSports and ViolenceViolence Prevention |
Author: Card, David Title: Family Violence and Football: The Effect of Unexpected Emotional Cues on Violent Behavior Summary: Family violence is a pervasive and costly problem, yet there is no consensus on how to interpret the phenomenon of violence by one family member against another. Some analysts assume that violence has an instrumental role in intra-family incentives. Others argue that violent episodes represent a loss of control that the offender immediately regrets. In this paper we specify and test a behavioral model of the latter form. Our key hypothesis is that negative emotional cues – benchmarked relative to a rationally expected reference point – make a breakdown of control more likely. We test this hypothesis using data on police reports of family violence on Sundays during the professional football season. Controlling for location and time fixed effects, weather factors, the pre-game point spread, and the size of the local viewing audience, we find that upset losses by the home team (losses in games that the home team was predicted to win by more than 3 points) lead to an 8 percent increase in police reports of at-home male-on-female intimate partner violence. There is no corresponding effect on female-on-male violence. Consistent with the behavioral prediction that losses matter more than gains, upset victories by the home team have (at most) a small dampening effect on family violence. We also find that unexpected losses in highly salient or frustrating games have a 50% to 100% larger impact on rates of family violence. The evidence that payoff-irrelevant events affect the rate of family violence leads us to conclude that at least some fraction of family violence is better characterized as a breakdown of control than as rationally directed instrumental violence. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: NBER Working Paper Series; Working Paper 15497: Accessed July 24, 2013 at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w15497 Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w15497 Shelf Number: 129505 Keywords: Family Violence (U.S.)FootballIntimate Partner ViolenceSports and Violence |
Author: Crowley, Annie Title: Football and Domestic Abuse: A Literature Review Summary: Introduction Tackling domestic abuse is a key priority for the Scottish Government and its partners. There is evidence of a correlation between the occurrence of certain football matches in Scotland and increased reports of domestic abuse. There is, however, limited evidence that explains this link. This literature review was commissioned by the Scottish Government to examine existing evidence about the relationship between domestic abuse and football. Football and domestic abuse -- - There are very few studies in the Scottish and wider UK context that specifically address the relationship of football to domestic abuse. - The studies that do exist mainly compare prevalence of domestic abuse (as recorded either by police, other emergency services, or hospital accident and emergency departments) on the days that football games take place with various comparators. All of these studies show what appears to be a link between domestic abuse and football. - Existing studies within the Scottish context are all quantitative analyses, based upon incidents reported to the police. These studies found that relative to various comparators, there was an increase in recorded domestic abuse incidents on the day that Old Firm fixtures were played. This was reported as being between 13% and 138.8%, depending on a number of variables: the day of the week the match took place; the comparator day / event; and the salience / outcome of a match. - The studies that used other football matches as a comparator found examples of apparent relationships between recorded domestic abuse incidents and the existence of the football match. However, these were generally less pronounced patterns, and smaller increases. - Caution should be exercised in interpreting the findings of quantitative studies that document a correlation between domestic abuse and football. Specifically, correlation should not be interpreted as causation. Findings may be impacted upon by the times of day measured, and whether matches took place at weekends where both alcohol consumption and reports of domestic abuse made to the police are known to increase substantially. - Caution should also be exercised regarding the use and interpretation of police recorded crime and complaints figures, and crime surveys, as these do not always provide a reliable measure due to the methodological issues associated with collection and recording. - Despite the limitations of these studies, they do demonstrate a relationship between the days of certain football matches (particularly Old Firm fixtures), and the number of recorded domestic abuse incidents. However, the nature and characteristics of these domestic violence offences are not known, nor who reported them, the gender of the perpetrator and victim, or whether they were repeat offences. - There is no qualitative research exploring the perspectives of the victims, perpetrators or practitioners in Scotland. This is a significant omission in existing research evidence. Details: Glasgow: Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research, 2014. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: REPORT No.6 /2014: Accessed February 7, 2015 at: http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Football-and-Domestic-Abuse_Literature-Review_25-NOV-2014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Football-and-Domestic-Abuse_Literature-Review_25-NOV-2014.pdf Shelf Number: 134558 Keywords: Alcohol Related ViolenceDomestic Violence (U.K.)FootballMasculinitySoccerSports and ViolenceSpouse Abuse |